Typesetting apparatus



July 27, 1965 R. c OBRIEN 3,197,131

TYPESETTING' APPARATUS Filed 001;. 23, 1962 s Sheets-Sheet 1 KEYBOARD 8PERMUTATION SWITCHES AUXILIARY I05 KEYBOARD LC 256 5l2 5 PUNCH PICLETINVENTOR. RICHARD C. O'BRIEN so M74641 ATTORNEYS y 1965 R. c. O'BRIEN3,197,131

TYPESETTING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 25, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG-3 62 54INVENTOR Y RICHARD c. O'BRIEN ATTORNEYS July 27, 1965 R. c. O'BRIEN3,197,131

TYPESETTING APPARATUS Filed 001. 23, 1962 s Sheets-Sheet s FIG-5 w.s. I

KEYBOARD 0 IN ITIATE ENCODER V Q20 5'? PUNCH as 13 77 "f1: :1: 2 23a l IONOFF 25 2s 25 2d 25 2f5 25 sc sc so F I6 32"64)L FLASH /37 INVENTOR.

RICHARD c. O'BRIEN ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,197,131 TYPESETTINGAPPARATUS Richard C. UErien, Huntington, N .Y., assignor toHarrisilntertype Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of DelawareFiled Get. 23, 1962, Ser. No. 232,543 3 (Jlaims. (ill. 234-4) Thisapplication is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 39,858,filed June 30, 1960, now Patent No. 3,141,395, issued July 21, 1964, tothe assignee of this application. Reference is made to said patent for amore detailed explanation of devices with which the present invention isparticularly useful.

This invention relates to typesetting apparatus, and particularly toapparatus for selecting characters in desired sequence to form a line ofcomposition and for determining the actual space, in physicalmeasurements, which will be occupied by these characters.

The present invention is described in relation to typesetting systemswherein the apparatus is divided into two parts, a first or keyboardmachine which prepares a coded record containing the information for apage, or number of pages, of line composition, and a second apparatuswhich operates from the coded record and operates to set the type. Insuch a system the keyboard operator, or composer, manipulates theselection keys in a selected sequence determining the succession ofdesired characters in lines of composition. When preparing a code recordfor a high speed photographic machine he may determine also themagnification or reduction of characters from the font carrying discs inthe photographic machine which will result in the desired size ofcharacter images exposed onto the galley film in the typesettingoperation.

The selection and space computing system in accordance with theinvention comes into action immediately when the first character key isdepressed to select the first character in a line of composition. Thesystem makes a coded record (for example in binary code) which serves asidentification of the selected character. Presumably a coded record mayalready have been made of the desired style or font from whichcharacters are being selected, and in the case of photographic machines,of the point set factor which will be determinative of the opticalmagnification or reduction of the characters projected from the selectedfont to obtain the desired image size. As each character is selected thekeyboard machine operates to determine the relative or unit width ofthat character with reference to the other characters in the font, andthen uses this relative width information and the point set factor todetermine the actual Width in picas and fractions thereof to be occupiedby the characters.

An important object of this invention is to provide improved characterselection and space computing apparatus of the above described typewhich is capable of fast and exact operation, yet requires a minimum ofparts and circuitry.

Another object of this invention is to provide improved space computingapparatus for performing the aforementioned functions, including a spacecomputing disc with impulse generating means in several different radialzones, and a selective pickup which can be adjusted to operate from aselected one of these zones to provide a desired variable number ofimpulses for each complete cycle of relative movement between the discand such selective pickup.

A further object of this invention is to provide such improved characterselection and space computing apparatus wherein a single counter isutilized for both functions, and wherein the apparatus includescircuitry for operating the counter first to determine the unit Widthinformation for a selected character, and then to coop- 3,l97,l3lPatented July 27, 1965 erate with other space computing apparatus indetermining the actual space to be occupied by the selected character.

As mentioned previously, the system is divided into two parts. In aphototypesetting system the actual photographic exposure of the galleyfilm is performed by a second or photographic apparatus which operatesfrom the coded record prepared by the keyboard machine.

The invention also is applicable to machines which prepare record tapefor controlling linecasting machines, or other typesetting machinesoperating on the same general principle. In such case, the record tapecarries only character identification code and function codes, sincejustification is accomplished by expanding variable-width space bandsinserted in the interword spaces between the character mats for thecharacters immediately preceding and following an interword space, or inother known manner such as described in Patent No. 2,395,659. In suchinstances the present invention provides a keyboard unit operating on anabsolute or actual space basis, for preparing such control tapes orrecords.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, the accompanying drawings and the appendedclaims.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic and block type diagram of the keyboard machine fora phototypesetting system in accordance with this invention;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are detail views of the timing and computing disc, and theassociated pickups;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the manner in which the stages of theline length accumulator counter and the word space counter areinterconnected and provided with suitable read out circuitry; and

FIG. 5 is a schematic and block type diagram similar to FIG. 1, showingthe arrangement of a keyboard machine for preparing records to controllinecasting machines or the like.

The present invention is disclosed in combination with other features ofphototypesetting apparatus which includes a first or keyboard machine,shown schematically in FIG. 1, and which is adapted to prepare a recordtape of the lines of composition, and a second or photographic machinewhich operates under control of the prepared tape to produce an exposedgalley film on which the lines of composition are formed as latentphotographic images to be developed. The keyboard machine includes amain keyboard 19 which has a number of keys for selection of diiferentcharacters, together with permutation switches which cooperate with thekeys in known manner to produce a binary selection code in the form ofelectrical pulses or voltage applied to one or more of the sevenselection output lines 12. These lines are connected through dioderectifiers 13 to the first seven of eight input lines 15 controllingoperation of a conventional coding and recording mechanism such as aperforator or punch unit 20 through which record tape, for example inthe form of paper tape 22 to be perforated in a characteristic manner,is supplied for producing a permanent record respective of eachcharacter selected by operation of the keyboard 10.

All of the characters which make up a font, including upper and lowercase letters, numerals, punctuation, etc., should be alloted space inaccordance with their relative widths. For example, the character Mobviously requires considerably more Width than the character i.Furthermore, for versatility in machines of this type it is desirable toenlarge or reduce the characters in the photographic machine through asuitable optical system, and in such optical change allowance must bemade for the variation in actual width occupied by the same charactersat different enlargements. This may be conveniently accomplished bydetermining the relative or unit Width of any selected character andmultiplying this unit width by a point set factor which is a function ofthe enlargement produced by the optical system at that time, and wherebythe product of unit width and the point set factor is representative ofthe actual width occupied by each selected character. in accordance withthis invention the unit width measurements and point set factors are soselected that the actual width of each character is represented by adigital output defining the actual width of the selected characters inpleas and fractions of a pica, hereafter referred to as piclets.

For the purpose of determining the relative or unit width of eachselected character, and thence computing the actual space to be occupiedby that character at a given point set, the keyboard code output lines12 are connected respectively to seven buffer amplifier units 251F25which in turn are connected to preset the individual stages SCJi, SCZ,8C4, SCS, SClld, SC32 and SCd-d of a selector counter-space computerbinary counter. These stages may conveniently be in the form ofconventional Eccles-Jordan or similar flip-flop stages connected incascade. This counter is designed to perform a dual function, namelyfirst to select the unit space information pertaining to a selectedcharacter which is identified by the input code through theaforementioned buffer amplifier, and secondly to cooperate with otherapparatus in computing the actual space information for the selectedcharacter.

The unit space information is provided by a six digit binary code formedas differential light transmitting portions on a continuously rotatingspace code disc 3% which is fixed to a rotating shaft 32 driven by motor33. The code is formed by having light transmitting slits (or inverselyopaque marks) on the disc Ed in each of the six code positions, and theselected unit space information is picked up by causing flashing of ahigh speed flash lamp 35, under the control of a flash control unit 37to energize appropriate ones of the six pickup photocells iii, each oneof which is positioned in alignment with a respective code position.These photocells have six separate output lines 42 which extend to thebuffer amplifiers 2Sbg for presetting the corresponding stages SC2-SC64,of the counter in accordance with the selected space code.

Accordingly, when a character is selected by pressing a key on keyboardtil, the character selection code is set up in lines 12 and istransmitted through the rectifiers 13 and lines 1.4 to the punch inputlines I15, for the purpose of actuating the punch to produce acharacteristic punch code in the record tape 22 which identified thecharacter selecte At the same time the selection code is transmittedthrough the lines 12 to the buffer amplifiers 25a- 2553, to preset theselector counter to the identification code number. The unit space codeinformation on the rotating disc 3% is arranged in complementary fashionsuch that the unit space code for a selected character is spaced from afixed point on the disc by a number of places which is, in the count ofplaces, a complement of the selection code entered in the selectorcounter.

The fixed position, also referred to as the synchronir; ing position, isdetermined by a synchronizing light transmitting mark 2-5 on a timingand computing disc Stl which is secured to shaft 32 in predeterminedfixed position with respect to code disc 36, and cooperates with aphotocell 52 and a light source (not shown) on the opposite side of discto produce a synchronizing pulse once for each revolution of the discs3i and 50. This synchronizing pulse is transmitted through line "4 to acontrol gate circuit 61. This gate circuit is controlled by a flip-flopcircuit P to follow the state thereof. Thus, when flip-flop Fl is in itsfirst or G state G1 is closed or will not pass pulses transmittedthereto, and when F1 is in its 1 state, G1 is open and pulsestransmitted through line 54 will be passed on through line 55 to a Asecond control flip-flop F2. F1 is normally in its 0 state, closing gateG1, but will be switched to its 1 state by transmission of an initiatepulse through line 57 from keyboard 1d. A pulse is transmitted throughthis line each time a character is selected, by depression of a key, orin some other suitable manner.

The timing disc 5d also is provided with pulse generating marks aboutits entire periphery in a radial zone separate from the synchronizingmark, and these timing marks cooperate with the aforementioned lightsource and a photocell as to generate timing pulses in line 62 which aretransmitted to a further gate circuit G2 connected to follow flip-flopF2. Therefore, since F2 is normally in its 0 or off state, the gate G2also will normally be closed and timing pulses will not pass throughthis circuit until P2 is caused to switch by receiving a pulse from linethrough gate Gil. However, when this occurs and F2 switches to its 1state, G2 will open and pulses from line 62 will pass through G2 and itsoutput line 64 to the input on stage 3C1 of the selector counter. At thesame time, a reset pulse will pass on line 65 to flip-lop F1, causing itto revert to its normal 0 or off" state and gate G1 will again close.Timing pulses will continue to pass through G2 into the selector counteruntil this counter fills up. For example, assuming that the binary codefor a selected character is 0010100 (corresponding to 20 in al ebraicnumbers), then in order to fill up the selector counter 107 more pulsesmust be received, at which time the counter will read 1111111. The nextor 108th pulse will clear the selector counter and cause an output pulseat its output line which is connected to the input of a flip-flopcircuit F3, and at the same time a reset pulse will pass through line'72 to reset F2 to its 0 state, closing G2. F3 is connected through lineto control the operation of flash circuit 37, such that the flashcontrol unit follows the state of P3. Therefore, F3 is normally in astate where the hash control unit is deenergized, but a pulse throughthe selector counter output '70 causes F3 to change its state and apulse is transmitted through line 75 causing the flash control unit toproduce an instantaneous flash of light from the flash lamp 35 as thespace code information in the 108th position past the synchronizing orstarting posi tion is aligned with the photocell read-out bank 4d. Theimpulses generated by one or more of these photocells will betransmitted through the outputs 42 to preset the selector counter stages85326064, through the buffer ai plifiers ZSb-g, and these last sixstages of the selector counter now function in cooperation with thecomputing disc 5% to compute the actual space to be occupied by the justselected character at a given point set.

The spacing computing operation proceeds as follows. When F3 was causedto change its state and actuate the flash control unit 37, this alsoproduced a signal in line '78 causing the normally closed gate circuitsG3 and G4 to open. The input to the selector counter is now through gateG3 and line 7% which receives impulses from the units photocell dd whichcooperates with units pulse generating marks on disc 59, there being forexample oneunits mark for each quadrant, or four for each I completerevolution of disc 5d. The pulses generated by photocell thus passthrough line 82. to gate G3 and thence are buffered into stage 802 ofthe selector, to accumulate therein and eventually to fill up the lastsix stages of this counter which have now been preset to a binary numberrepresenting the unit space width of the previously selected character,from the space code disc 3%.

The input to gate G4 is from a piclets photocell 35' which transmitspulses through line 86 to gate G4, and when this gate is open to theinput line 87 of the line length accumulator counter which comprisestwelve binary stages identified as LC]lLC2i8. The piclets input pulsesto this counter each represent a discrete fraction of a pica, which is astandard printers measurement equaling approximately one-sixth of aninch.

There are a number of different characteristic radial zones from whichthe piclets photocell may read selectively, as shown in FIG. 2. Thisselection is accomplished by moving the photocell 85 into alignment witha desired one of the radial zones of piclets impulses generating marks91-95 such that a greater or less number of piclets impulses will begenerated by this photocell between successive units impulses generatedby the photocell 89.

As the units impulses are transmitted to and accumulated in the selectorcounter, this counter will begin to fill, and the number of units pulsesrequired to fill the selector counter will be the complement of the unitspace code preset into the counter from the photocell bank til. Thus,when the last six stages of the selector counter are filled from theunits input through gate G3, then the next units input pulse willtransmit through line 70 to F3, causing this flip-flop to revert to itsnormal state and close the gate circuits G3 and G4. The total number ofimpulses transmitted through gate G4 to the line length accumulatorcounter during this interval will thus represent a digital input the sumof which is the total actual space to be occupied by the selectedcharacter, and this information is stored in the line length counter inthis manner for each selected character, with subsequently recievedspace information being added to that already stored in the counter tomaintain a summation of the space in the line of composition to beoccupied by the characters, added to a preset value which represents thedifference between a desired line length and the total capacity of theaccumulator counter.

Similarly, every time there is an interword space in the line ofcomposition the operator presses the space bar on the keyboard whichcloses a switch and transmits a pulse through output line Lilli) whichconnects through the auxiliary keyboard ltll to the line W2 whichtransmits input pulses to the first stage of a word space countercomprising six cascade connected binary stages WCl, WCZ, WCd, WCS, WC16and WCSZ. Thus this counter maintains a summation of the number of wordspaces in the line of composition. At the same time, a code is set up inlines 12 which actuates the punch unit 20 to produce a code indicatingthe presence of an interword space in the line.

For this purpose of reading the information in the line lengthaccumulator counter and word space counter each stage of each of thesecounters is connected through a following amplifier to operate a relay.A typical arrangement of a binary stage With its following amplifier andrelay, and showing also the reversing connection between successivecascade connected stages, is shown in FIG. 4. It should be understoodthat this arrangement is followed for all stages of the line lengthaccumulator counter and the word space counter, with certain exceptionsas will be noted.

Thus, referring to FIG. 4, the binary stage has an input connection 115)to an input condenser 112 connected to both cathodes of the input dualdiode, which may be for example type 6AL5. The plates of the dual diodeare connected to the plates of a dual triode, for example type 5963which is incorporated in a conventional Eccles-Jordan circuit as shown.These plate circuits are also connected through mmf. capacitors to theforward and reverse output contacts 115 and 11s for this stage, whichmay be alternately connected through the relay control switch totransmit carry pulses to the input line 122 of the next stage. In theusual manner, one side or the other of the dual triode is conductingwhile the opposite side is cut off, and this condition reverses inresponse to each input pulse received at the input capacitor 112. Thus,the grids of the dual triode are alternately, and oppositely, at aslightly positive potential, and a following connection 125 is providedto the grid of a triode amplifier tube 1J1 which controls the how ofcurrent through the coil of a relay 13%. When triode 127 conducts relay130 will be energized to close the contacts thereof and prepare acircuit through the contact 132 and a neon bulb 133 to a characteristicoutput line in the eight channel output matrix 15 which controlsoperation of punch Zll.

This circuit is not completed until the end of the line of compositionis reached, and therefore the outputs are shown schematically from theline length accumulator counter and the word space counter,respectively, as output cables 135 and 136 (FIG. 1) which go to the endof line control 14h. Therefore, although the relay 13d of each stage ofthese counters may be energized or deenergized several times during thecomposition of a line, only the final setting of these relays, after theline has been completed, is utilized to complete the read out circuitswhich then cause coded information to be punched into tape 22corresponding to the complement of the summation of space occupied bycharacters from the line length accumulator counter (i.e., the spaceremaining to be divided up for word space) and the direct reading of thenumber of word paces in the line from the word space counter.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a similar system for use in preparing awellknown six channel perforated tape used to control linecastingmachines. Here the perforated tape, which is well known in the art,utilizes the same character identification code for two characters, andthere are special codes used to determine whether the followingcharacter identification codes relate to, for example, a lower case oran upper case letter. The linecasting machine assembles the individualmats which have molds thereof of two characters, for example the samecharacter in different style. Depending upon whether the characteridentifying code was preceded by an upper rail code or a lower railcode, the mat will be assembled in one of two positions so that theproper mold for the desired style will be used in the casting operation.

Also in linecasting machines adjustable space bands are insertedwherever interword spaces occur, and justification is accomplished byexpanding these bands when a full line of mats has been assembled, tobring the length of the assembled mats out to stops which are set apartaccording to predetermined line length. Each space band has a definiterange of movement, and can be adjusted between a minimum and a maximumword space position. Therefore, when a keyboard operator is composing aline, he should be informed as to the amount of space being used as heprepares the perforated tape record which will assemble mats ofpredetermined lengths. He should also be informed as to the range ofjustification which is possible, by some type of indication of the spaceused if each of the space bands were at their minimum thickness, andeach of such bands were at maximum thickness.

The present invention provides a system operating on an absolute oractual space basis for accomplishing the aforementioned purposes, and adiagram of such a system is shown in FIG. 7. Since many of the parts areidentical to parts shown and described in FIG. 1, the same referencecharacters are applied to identical parts.

Thus, the keyboard 10 is connected to an encoding device 11 which may bepermutation switches or any type of mechanical encoder such, forexample, as used presently to produce a characteristic binary code foreach key of the key board which is depressed. The keyboard may be eithera typewriter keyboard or a keyboard arranged as on a linecastingmachine, and depending upon which arrangement is used there will be anappropriate encoding device. Details of such devices are known to thoseskilled in the art.

The output from the encoder is in the form of a seven line cable 12, andthe first six of these run, as shown, to an ordinary six channel tapeperforator or punch 29.

"Z It will be understood that in addition to character identifying codesthere may be codes presented to the punch which identify ditlerentfunctions such as the upper or lower rail selection, shift or unshift,insertion of a space band (which occurs Whenever the space bar of thekeyboard is depressed), codes for additional space bands called thinspace and the rub-out code, which is an erasing code. Other functioncodes may also be employed, but it is unnecessary to mention all of themfor purposes of explaining the present invention.

The output lines 3L2 lead through diodes 13 to seven amplifiers a-g, andthese amplifiers are each in turn coupled to preset the seven stages ofa selector counter 28, comprising the seven cascade connected binarystages SCl-SCdd. Each time that a character identifying code isimpressed on the output lines 12 and punched into the tape 22a, thiscode is also set into the counter 23.

This will result in the finding of a unit space width code for thatcharacter on the space code information disc 3t), as will be explained.The disc is continuously rotated by a shaft 32 driven by motor 33. Aflash lamp 35', having a control circuit 37, is arranged to emit a flashof light at the appropriate time when the space code for the selectedcharacter passes the lamp. This code will appear as one or more lighttransmitting parts, arranged radially on disc 30 which is otherwiseopaque, and the light passing through these light transmitting portionswill cause appropriate electrical pulses to be emitted by correspondingones of the reading photocells 4t). The outputs of these photocclls aredirected through a six line cable 42 back into the amplifiers 25b-g, forthe purpose of presctting the counter stages SCZ-SCd once the space codefor a selected character has been determined.

Also rotated by the shaft 32 is a synchronizing and timing disc 2%(similar to that shown in FIG. 2 but with only the timing andsynchronizing pulse marks) which includes the single timing pulsegenerating mark 45 for generating a pulse via photocell 52 once for eachrevolution of the disc 2%. This pulse is transmitted through line 53 togate circuit Gil, which is normall closed. This gate is controlled by aflip-flop Fl which normally holds the gate closed, but which will changestate to open Gil upon receiving an initiate pulse through line 5'7 fromthe keyboard, designated as an on signal. A pulse passes through line5'7 each time any key on the keyboard is depressed.

Therefore, when a key is depressed, F1 is turned on and Gil is opened topass the next synchronizing pulse coming through line 53 and this pulseproceeds through line 55 to turn on the normally oft control flip-flopF2. This flip-flop normally holds gate G2 closed, but now it will openthis gate. Timing pulses from disc 2%- will then be generated by thetiming photocell (ill and will pass through line as through G2 into itsoutput line as which leads to the input of the first stage SCl ofcounter 28. The first pulse into line 64 will pass also through line 65to switch Fl oil, and it remains oil.

Recalling that this counter has been preset to a code number identifyingthe character selected by depression of the key which initiated thisoperation, pulses through G2 will continue until counter 2x3 fills up,and at this time the discs 3th and will have rotated to the positionwhere the unit space code information for the selected character appearson disc 30. When the counter fills up, an output pulse will pass fromline 759, performing two functions. First it changes the state offiip-flop F3, causing it to emit an output pulse through line to triggerthe flash control unit 37 for flash lamp 35. At the same time the pulsetravels also through line 72 to turn off flip-flop F2. Therefore, thetiming and code selecting inputs to counter 28 are now oil, with gatesG1 and G2 closed.

The outputs from photocells dtl preset the stages SCE- SCM to a codenumber which is the complement of the unit width code for the selectedcharacter. Gate G3 is controlled through line 78 by F3, and is normallyheld closed because F3 is normally in the oil condition. When the pulsethrough line ill changes the state of F3 and turns it on, this providesa continuing on signal through line 78 to hold G3 open as well asproviding the flash triggering pulse through line '75.

The input through G3 to S-CZ is from a line 32 which receives pulsesfrom a movable photocell St This photocell reads the space pulsegenerating marks 83 from one of the circles 83a, 83b, $30 or 83d (for6X- ample) on the line length accumulator pulley or wheel 85, therebeing a conventional lamp or light source (not shown) on the other sideof wheel 85 from photocell 82. The accumulator wheel cooperates with afurther wheel 87 to carry a line length indicator tape or band 99therebetween. The band is provided with visible graduations in terms ofactual line lengths such as pleas and/ or fractions of a pica (piclets).There are diilerent numbers of pulse generating marks in the circles ofmarks 83a-d for the same angularextent. Thus, depending upon with whichcircle the photocell tilt is aligned, there will be more or less linearmovement of band 98 for each pulse sent to the counter through G3.

A continuously running motor 92 drives the shaft 93 of wheel 85 througha slip clutch 94, and a brake 95 is provided on shaft 93 for normallyholding the shaft and wheel 85 stationary. This brake may beself-energized, and its release controlled by the energizing of solenoid9% through a connection to line 78. Therefore, when F3 is turned on toopen G3 this also releases brake 95 and permits wheel 85 to turn.

Pulses through line 82. and G3 proceed into the last six stages ofcounter 28 and continue until this counter fills up, causing an outputpulse through line 7t? which now causes F3 to change state again,reverting to its off condition and thereby closing G3 and causing brake95 to be applied immediately to stop wheel 35. The amount of indicatoror accumulator tape 9% taken up by wheel 85 will be a direct and visibleindication of the actual amount of space occupied in the line by theselected character, and this operation repeats for each characterselected.

Every time the operator depresses the space bar, indicating a wordspace, this causes an actuating pulse to be transmitted through lineres, in addition to causing the words space code to be set up in punchThere are two indicator members, shown schematically by the arrows Th5and the, which function as the minimum word space and the maximum wordspace indicators, respectively. These indicators are moved along theindicator tape 93 by suitable variable driving escapements 157 andlltld, each of which receives a driving pulse through line 1% every timethe space bar is depressed. These escapernents can be arranged, as bysuitable choice of gearing or variation of their driving pawls, to movethe respective indicators Hi5 and 1156 by amounts which correspond tothe relative space occupied by a space band at its minimum width and atits maximum width, respectively, and taking into account the size ofspaceband used at any selected point size.

it will be understood, therefore, that the accumulator indicating tape98 is drawn past the indicators in one direction and these indicatorslikewise are moved in the other direction so that when the keyboardoperator nears he end of a line, which he can determine by viewing thenumbered marks on tape t ll, he can also determine whether he is withinjustification range, or whether perhaps he has gone too far and composeda tight line which does not have sufiicient space for all the charactersand space bands that he has selected. A justifiable line will beindicated by the appearance of that measurenent corresponding to theline length at one of the indicators M95 or 1%, or between them. Ifdesirable, a suitable indicator ilag or the like could be attached totape 90 at the appropriate position corresponding to the length of thejustified line to be composed, thus making the indication more visibleto the keyboard operator.

At the end of composing each line, the tape 98 and indicators N and 11%are, of course, reset to their initial or Zero condition by any suitablemeans. The perforated tape 22:: is then capable of use by anyconventional linecasting machine (or phototypesetting machine operatingon the same principle) which is adapted for automatic operation fromsuch record tape.

It will be understood that replaceable drums or discs bearing thecircles of space pulse generating marks can be employed, driven in fixedrelation to wheel 85. Also, a transparent drum or disc can be used forthis purpose in conjunction with sleeves or discs bearing theappropriate marks, and removably mounted on such drum or disc.

The aforementioned Patent No. 3,141,395 discloses a machine adapted toutilize the record to be produced by devices as shown in FIGURES 14therein. The form of the invention shown in FIGURE 7 produces a controlrecord on tape which can be used to control line casting machines orphotographic typesetting machines which operate on the circulatingmatrix principle. These machines are adapted to be equipped in awell-known manner, with automatic controls for operation from a recordtape input. Details of a photographic typesetting machine of there-circulating matrix type are disclosed in said Patent No. 2,395,659.

While the forms of apparatus herein described constitutes preferredembodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the inventionis not limited to these precise forms of apparatus, and that changes maybe made therein without departing from the scope of the invention whichis defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. Apparatus for producing a control record for typesetting machines,comprising input means operative to identify in coded form a successionof characters and interword spaces making up lines of composition,recording mechanism connected to and operated by said input means toproduce a permanent record of each character identifying code and spacecode in the order received from said input means to assemble informationfor a line of composition, computing means responsive to the characteridentifying code to compute the actual space to be occupied by eachselected character and to create a signal which is a digitalrepresentation of such actual space in formation, said computing meansincluding a selector counter, means operative from said input means topreset said counter to a code number representing the selectedcharacter, means including a unit Width memory device operative withsaid counter to determine from the character selection code a furthercode number representing the unit width of the selected characterrelative to other characters of different widths, means connected toreset said counter to said further code number, means connected tosupply a variable point set factor by which the unit width of selectedcharacters is to be modified in computing the actual width of eachselected character, means operating with said counter and said factorrepresenting means to produce said digital output signals representingthe product of the point set factor and the unit width informationsupplied to the counter for each selected character, accumulator meansconnected to receive said signals and to maintain a sum thereof, meansmaintaining a sum of the number of interword spaces in the line ofcomposition, means for dividing the accumulated sum of character spacesby the number of interword spaces and for displaying the resultantquotient as composition of a line proceeds to provide for determinationof the number of characters and interword spaces to be used in making upa justifiable line of composition, and means operative upon completionof selection of a line of composition to cause said recording mechanismto produce an end of line signal in the record.

2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said input means is amanually operable keyboard and permutation switches operated from saidkeyboard to produce a unique identifying code for each key on thekeyboard.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said displaying meansincludes indicators for the amount of space to be occupied by interwordspaces at both the total possible maximum and minimum space.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,848,049 8/58Robbins et al. 234-7 2,876,687 3/59 Higonnet et al. 2344 3,106,336 10/63Dirks 234-5 ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner.

1. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A CONTROL RECORD FOR TYPESETTING MACHINES,COMPRISING INPUT MEANS OPERATIVE TO IDENTIIFY IN CODED FORM A SUCCESSIONOF CHARACTERS AND INTERWORD SPACES MAKINGG UP LINES OF COMPOSITION,RECORDING MECHANISM CONNECTED TO AND OPERATED BY SAID INPUT MEANS TOPRODUCE A PERMANENT RECORD OF EACH CHARACTER IDENTIFYING CODE AND SPACECODE IN THE ORDER RECEIVED FROM SAID INPUT MEANS TO ASSEMBLE INFORMATIONFOR A LINE OF COMPOSITION, COMPUTING MEANS RESPONSIVE TO THE CHARACTERIDENTIFYING CODE TOL COMPUTE THE ACTUAL SPACE TO BE OCCUPIED BY EACHSELECTED CHARACTER AND TO CREATE A SIGNAL WHICH IS A DIGITALREPRESENTATION OF SUCH ACTUAL SPACE IN FORMATION, SAID COMPUTING MEANSINCLUDING A SELECTOR COUNTER, MEANS OPERATIVE FROM SAID INPUT MEANS TOPRESET SAID COUNTER TO A CODE NUMBER REPRESENTING THE SELECTEDCHARACTER, MEANS INCLUDING A UNIT WIDTH MEMORY DEVICE OPERATIVE WITHSAID COUNTER TO DETERMINED FROM THE CHARACTER SELECTION CODE A FURTHERCODE NUMBER REPRESENTING THE UNIT WIDTH OF THE SELECTED CHARACTERRELATIVE TO OTHER CHARCTERS OF DIFFERENT WIDTHS, MEANS CONNECTED TORESET SAID COUNTER TO SAID FURTHER CODE NUMBER, MEANS CONNECTED TOSUPPLY A VARIABLE POINT SET FACTOR BY WHICH THE UNIT WIDTH OF SELECTEDCHARACTERS IS TO BE MODIFIED IN COMPUTING THE ACTUAL WIDTH OF EACHSELECTED CHARACTER, MEANS OPERATING WITH SAID COUNTER AND SAID FACTORREPRESENTING MEANS TO PRODUCE SAID DIGITAL OUTPUT SIGNALS REPRESENTINGTHE PRODUCT OF THE POINT SET FACTOR AND THE UNIT WIDTH INFORMATIONSUPPLIED TO THE COUNTER FOR EACH SELECTED CHARACTER, ACCUMULATOR MEANSCONNECTED TO RECEIVE SAID SIGNALS AND TO MAINTAIN A SUM THEREOF, MEANSMAINTAINING A SUM OF THE NUMBER OF INTERWORD SPACES IN THE LINE OFCOMPOSITION MEANS FOR DIVIDING THE ACCUMULATED SUM OF CHARACTER SPACESBY THE NUMBER OF INTERWORD SPACES AND FOR DISPLAYING THE RESULTANTQUOTIENT AS COMPOSITION OF A LINE PROCEEDS TO PROVIDE FOR DETERMINATIONOF THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS AND INTERWORD SPACES TO BE USED IN MAKING UPA JUSTIFABLE LINE OF COMPOSITION, AND MEANS OPERATIVE UPON COMPLETION OFSELECTION OF A LINE OF COMPOSITION TO CAUSE SAID RECORDING MECHANSIM TOPRODUCE END OF LINE SIGNAL IN THE RECORD.